WSJ: How Important is "Active Share" for Fund Managers?

By SIMON CONSTABLE

Just how active is the manager of your actively managed mutual fund? And how much
does it matter?

A debate is on over the concept of “active share”—a measure of how much a portfolio’s
stocks differ from those in its benchmark. The issue is whether it is a valid way to
evaluate managers.

It all started in a 2006 working paper and 2009 article by Martijn Cremers and Antti
Petajisto, then professors at the Yale School of Management. They suggested ranking
funds from zero to 100% based on how much their holdings diverge from a benchmark
index. An active share of 60%, for example, means that 40% of the fund’s stocks merely
match what is in an index—a mix that would make the fund’s manager a “closet indexer,” the professors wrote. Read more here.

WSJ: What Does Confirmation Bias Mean?

By SIMON CONSTABLE

In an effort to understand why investors do what they do, the term “confirmation
bias” is often trotted out. Most basically, it means that people tend to find evidence, in
the form of data or anecdotes, to support their position and ignore evidence to the
contrary.

That might make sense for politicians arguing with each other, but it can be dangerous
for investors.

“From a behavioral-finance perspective, the mind likes to see what it likes to see, and
so it filters information,” says Steve Wood, chief market strategist at Russell
Investments. “You need to expose that bias to the pressure of data.”

In particular, he says, don’t seek out data that supports your position. Instead, look at
all data and try to objectively assess it. In other words, we all want to prove we’re right.
But doing so could lead us to ignore the facts that suggest we’re wrong.

Mr. Wood uses the example of being predisposed to a certain conclusion when discussing inflation. When he talks with some people who were part of the workforce
in the inflation-ridden 1970s, they are often predisposed to seek out inflation
protection in their portfolios.

But right now, according to most government measures of prices, inflation looks tame
and likely to remain so. Still, those who have confirmation bias toward the idea that
there is already or is going to be inflation might conclude they need assets in their
portfolio to protect against it, says Mr. Wood.

The result: Suboptimal investment choices are made.

See original story here.

MarketWatch: This is why people carry credit card balances

By SIMON CONSTABLE

A puzzle that has long vexed personal finance experts may have been solved by an unlikely source: the Federal Reserve.

The problem in question: Why do people so often carry credit-card balances costing 10% to 20% a year, while at the same time keeping money in savings accounts that pay less than half of one percent?

On the face of it, such actions make no sense. And yet two out of three people surveyed by Ohio State University thought it was not a good idea to pay down such debt using savings.

Why is this view so prevalent? People trust that their savings will be there when they need the money more than they trust the banks to lend at such times.

That’s not my view; it’s the Federal Reserve, the banker of last resort to the banking system. It’s an institution that knows only too well how well, or otherwise, banks behave.

The Fed itself sums up the situation facing consumers who might want to borrow.

“There are no guarantees it [credit] will be there when they need it,” states a recent working paper from the Consumer Payments Research Center at the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston. Or put another way, you can’t rely on the bank to lend to you when you need it.

“Savings act as insurance so that even in the worst case when the consumer cannot borrow, she can still consume,” says the report by Scott Fulford, professor of economics at Boston College, and previously a visiting scholar at the Boston Fed. The study analyzed Equifax data from 1999 through 2013, as well as data from the Consumer Finance Monthly survey conducted by Ohio State University.

This lack of trust helps explain why two-thirds (67%) of survey respondents to the Consumer Finance Monthly survey said it was not a good idea to pay off credit card balances with savings.

While this behavior baffled so-called experts, it actually makes sense when you think about it. You have a legal and moral right to access your savings. You can rely on the funds being there. Borrowing, on the other hand, is a privilege that you can’t be sure of especially if you hit a rough patch and become a worse credit risk.

There are other reasons to build up savings even while borrowing.

For people who have racked up substantial debt it can make sense to build savings while they pay down the credit card balances, explains Linda Leitz, a financial planner for Colorado Springs-based financial planning firm, It’s Not Just Money Inc.

The risk of not building savings while paying off a credit card is that once the balance is paid off the same habits that caused the debt will return. “Saving regularly helps them build the emotional muscle,” she says.

See original story here.

MarketWatch: Why China's Money Managers Lag

By SIMON CONSTABLE

Do Chinese money managers have what it takes to do the job?

If you count the ability to pick stocks and generate good returns for clients, then unfortunately most don’t, according to a forthcoming study obtained by MarketWatch.

What’s really needed to outperform for clients is either an MBA degree or a Chartered Financial Analyst (CFA) designation, says the report by Prof. Yi Fang of Jilin University, China and Prof. Haiping Wang of York University, Canada. See original story here.

Photo by Brian Matangelo on Unsplash

MarketWatch: Stock Investors Should Be Cheering a Drop In Oil Prices

By SIMON CONSTABLE

The bear market in crude oil prices should have stock investors elated, not disappointed. What’s more, there’s still time to make money.

Prices for Brent UK:LCOX4 the European benchmark, have tanked more than 20% from $115 a barrel on June 19 to less than $91 today, according to data from FactSet.

Cast off any ideas that the slump in the oil market is a reflection of slowing global growth. Apparently, that doesn’t matter.

How do I know? Last month I met with Professor Ben Jacobsen, head of financial markets at Edinburgh University Business School. He gave me a copy of a paper that he and two other economists wrote on the oil market. They based their research on close to three decades of market data. It was published in the Journal of Financial Economics in 2008 and authored by Gerben Driesprong and Benjamin Maat as well as Jacobsen. Read more here.

WSJ: Why Your Mutual Fund Will Fail, and Index Funds Rule

By SIMON CONSTABLE

The market volatility of recent days illustrates why that old mutual-fund disclaimer—“past performance is not indicative of future returns”—is more promise than warning. It’s also why most people should stick to dollar-cost averaging in index funds.

Dollar-cost averaging is simply the practice of investing a fixed amount on a regular schedule, regardless of where prices go. It’s essentially what you do in a 401(k) plan. Following this method, you tend to buy fewer shares when prices are high and more when prices are low, and are less prone to panic selling when prices dip. See original story here.

Photo by Mahdi Bafande on Unsplash

WSJ: What Is Momentum Investing

By SIMON CONSTABLE 

You may hear money managers talk about momentum investing. But what exactly does it mean?

In strictest terms, a momentum investor buys stocks that have been going up in value and sells those that have been falling, says Vineer Bhansali, manager of Pimco Trends Managed Futures Strategy fund. He makes investment decisions based at least partly on momentum across asset classes, not just stocks. See original story here.

Photo by No-w-ay in collaboration with H. Caps, 

CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons